Energy Flow in Ecosystems

If there is only one thing you learn about ecosystems, it should be that all of the living residents of an ecosystem are dependent upon one another for their survival. But what does that dependence look like?   Each organism living in an ecosystem plays an important role in the flow of energy within the food web. The role of a bird is very different from that of a flower. But both are equally necessary to the overall survival of the ecosystem, and all of the other living creatures within it. Ecologists have defined three ways that living creatures use energy and interact with one another. Organisms are defined as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Here is a look at each of these roles and their place within an ecosystem. Producers The main role of producers is to capture the energy from the sun and convert it into food. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are producers. Using a process called photosynthesis, producers use the suns energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into food energy. They earn their name, because—unlike the other organisms in an ecosystem—they can actually produce their own food. Produces are the original source of all food within an ecosystem. In most ecosystems, the sun is the source of energy that producers use to create energy. But in a few rare cases—such as ecosystems found in rocks deep beneath the ground—bacterial producers can use the energy found in a gas called hydrogen sulfide, that is found within the environment, to create food even in the absence of sunlight! Consumers Most organisms in an ecosystem cannot make their own food. They depend upon other organisms to meet their food needs. They are called consumers—because that is what they do—consume. Consumers can be broken down into three classifications: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores are consumers that only eat plants. Deer and caterpillars are herbivores found commonly in a number of environments.Carnivores are consumers that only eat other animals. Lions and spiders are examples of carnivores. There is a special category of carnivore called scavengers. Scavengers are animals that eat only dead animals. Catfish and vultures are examples of scavengers.Omnivores are consumers that eat both plants and animals depending upon the season and availability of food. Bears, most birds, and humans are omnivores. Decomposers Consumers and producers can live together nicely, but after some time, even the vultures and catfish would not be able to keep up with all of the dead bodies that would pile up of the years. Thats where decomposers come in. Decomposers are organisms that break down and feed off of the waste and dead organisms within an ecosystem. Decomposers are natures built-in recycling system. By breaking down materials—from dead trees to the waste from other animals, decomposers return nutrients to the soil and create another food source for herbivores and omnivores within the ecosystem. Mushrooms and bacteria are common decomposers. Every living creature in an ecosystem has a role to play. Without producers, consumers and decomposers would not survive because they would have no food to eat. Without consumers, the populations of producers and decomposers would grow out of control. And without decomposers, producers and consumers would soon become buried in their own waste. Classifying organisms by their role within an ecosystem helps ecologists understand how food and energy ebb and flows in the environment. This movement of energy is usually diagrammed using food chains or food webs. While a food chain shows one path along which energy can move through an ecosystem, food webs show all of the overlapping ways that organisms live with and depend upon one another. Energy Pyramids Energy pyramids are another tool that ecologists use to understand the role of organisms within an ecosystem and how much energy is available at each stage of a food web. Most of the energy in an ecosystem is available at the producer level. As you move up on the pyramid, the amount of available energy decreases significantly. In general, only about 10 percent of the available energy from one level of the energy pyramid transfers to the next level. the remaining 90 percent of energy is either utilized by the organisms within that level or lost to the environment as heat.   The energy pyramid shows how ecosystems naturally limit the number of each type of organism it can sustain. Organisms that occupy the top level of the pyramid—tertiary consumers—have the least amount of available energy. Therefore their numbers are limited by the number of producers within an ecosystem.

Freedom of Women to Be Prostitutes Essay - 1440 Words

For centuries, women have been selling their bodies, in most cases prostitution, but it is not world’s oldest profession. Nevertheless, for as long as history states, prostitution has been around for as long as the oldest professions in the world. Every aspect of history asserts even the slightest things about prostitution existing. Prostitution has been a long-term profession through out several decades, whether it varies from being an adult star, escort, prostitute, a stripper etc†¦ As long as they pay their rights as a civilian of the country (taxes and such), they should be allowed to do whatever they want with their body. In terms of legalization and morality issues (pertaining to religious reasons), it is the woman’s choice.†¦show more content†¦King Henry II set up laws on prostitutes must be single and had a weekly inspection at the brothel to make sure laws were not violated. In Italy, 1358 A.D., prostitution was welcomed. In such ways that brothe ls were built in major Italian cities, which were government-funded. The Great Council of Venice even publicized prostitution to be â€Å"absolutely indispensible to the world†. Over 1802, France, monitored brothels were created. The new agency monitored brothels on whether or not laws were followed and no criminal activity took place. This was successful for over a century. Up until 1971 Nevada legalized prostitution, even Nevada is not the most liberal area of the US. Other countries that have legalized and currently regulating prostitution is Austria, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lebanon, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Senegal, Switzerland, Turkey, Venezuela as well as some Australian states, and Mexico. Prostitution does not only include whores, but adult film stars, escorts and strippers. If for centuries it has been working out, there is no reason for prostitution to still be illegal. See France in 1802, even back then monit ored brothels worked out even for over a century. With the security today and more advanced reasoning, people today are more than capable to make things like that work. Even far back to the 18th century BCE, there was a code that honored prostitutes. Starting out with morality,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Prostitutes in Ancient Athens1571 Words   |  7 PagesProstitutes in Ancient Athens Works Cited Missing Ancient Athens was a highly polarized society in which citizenship meant everything. Citizenship permitted individuals to not only participate in the democratic government but also gave them access to all the rights and splendors of the city. A citizen controlled influence over slaves, foreigners and most importantly women. Athenian women were relegated to the status of child bearers and keepers of the household. 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Major League Baseball free essay sample

Hall of Fame Acting Baseball is defined as a ball game played between two teams of nine on a field with a diamond-shaped circuit of four bases. Baseball is also known as Americas favorite pastime, and because of the sport of baseball being so notorious in America much of our slang is related to baseball. For example, after watching a movie you might say Wow, that director really hit it out of the park with that movie. Those were my exact words after watching, what will soon be one of Americas greatest sports movies, 42. In todays movie era it is hard to find a movie that relates to more than just one audience; it is even harder to find a true sports movie that can appeal not only to sports fans, but also to a vast majority of the united States. Brian Helmsmans story of Jackie Robinson in the movie 42 is one of the few movies that I have seen that does just this. The movie42 is about the iconic Jackie Robinson, played by Chadwick Baseman. In this movie we watch as a young Jackie Robinson slowly begins to break the racial barrier within baseball.One of the quotes in the movie that really stuck with me was one made by Branch Rickety, who was played by Harrison Ford. Branch said Jackie Robinson. A black man in white baseball. The plotting in this movie was not just about the sport of baseball, but also about how baseball was viewed as a white sport. In todays Major League Baseball approximately forty percent of all MIL players are not white, and of that forty percent approximately nine percent of players are African American.Jackie Robinson opened up the pathway for a wide variety of racial groups to participate in this country. Vide phenomenon. Brian Helmsmans movie, 42, is about the notable Brooklyn Dodgers 1 947 baseball season hen general manager Branch Rickety (Harrison Ford) makes the decision to sign the first black Major League player, Jackie Robinson (Chadwick Baseman). Throughout the entire movie Robinson faces foul and malicious racism from other clubs, fans, and on occasion his own teammates.Rickety, the Dodgers manager, is fully aware of Robinsons quick temper on and off the field and makes Robinson agree not to fight back during all the racial insults. By following that advice, Robinson allows his remarkable athletic talent to speak for itself, and soon the first-year player becomes one the most popular and ell-kn own players to ever wear a Brooklyn Dodgers uniform. Although this movie is not about Jackasss complete life, the two short years that this movie features is more than enough to teach everyone in your family a little life lesson.Jackie and the infamous Branch Rickety look to change the game of baseball by desegregating the sport, one passed of player at a time. The dramatic true story is one worth your time. The story behind Jackie Robinsons break into Major League Baseball is not just about the talents that this young African American was blessed with, but the hardships that Jackie, ND soon his fellow teammates experienced. This movies outstanding cast, exceptional story line and above average acting will draw you in and make you yearn for the next years of young Jackasss historical legend.The humility and suffering Jackie went through during this time was unbearable to watch, but he took the cruelty with tons of class and few tears. Some people believe that knowing Jackasss move from Negro League Baseball into Major League Baseball in order to break the racial barrier is everything you need to know about Jackasss life. They are sadly mistaken. Jackie Robinsons life is a story in itself. With that being said, some may argue that this movie does Jackie Robinson complete justice for his athletic ability. Loud not disagree more. I think the only flaw that this movie has is the lack of Robinsons baseball career and family history. Now do not get me wrong, Hellmann showed the major moments that set Jackie apart from the rest of the baseball players, but he did not express to the audience how hard Jackie worked and his baseball achievements other than breaking the racial barrier. This movie portrayed his eve into the MIL very honestly but the little details of his baseball talents are what it lacked. For example, Robinson was known for his stellar base running ability. He had feet like lightning and moved around the bases as if he were floating on a cloud. These were the scenes that made you want to watch this phenomenal baseball player play the sport he fell in love with twenty years before. Whether you are an athlete or not you can watch Baseman interpret Jackasss feelings towards this beloved game and you feel as though you are watching the original Jackie Robinson, but there were very ewe of these utterly astonishing scenes.You yearned for these types of scenes when Jackie was being portrayed as the athlete that he really should be honored as. Brian Hellmann did a fantastic job at finding an actor like Baseman to portray Robinsons love for the game. Chadwick plays a stellar Robinson; the baseball scenes are flawless, and make you feel as though he is really Robinson. He plays the game as though it is his second nature. He shows the emotion and love for the game as you could imagine Robinson doing himself.The emotion towards his teammates make you feel almost as f you were going through these hardships with him. The emotions in this movie are harder for some people rather than others. Many people may watch this movie and it brings back the memories of that season in 1 942 when Jackie took his first step onto the field as the starting first basemen for the Brooklyn Dodgers, while others may be reminded of the racial injustice they had to endure. Then there are the people who know nothing about Robinson other than the fact that he is a memorable Major League Baseball player.Even l, whom is a baseball fanatic, did not know nor realize, until itching this movie, how hard it was to be an African American in a dominant white sport and prosper in it. For many the idea of racism almost does not seem real. Many people do not truly understand the absolutely appalling suffering that African Americans went through. These hardships were not just in sports, but also in everyday life. The movie 42 opens up many peoples eyes, especially the younger generation who were not around for this horrible time, to the racial injustice that went on during the early nineteen hundreds.Many people who are not die hard sports addicts might think that this movie an be hard to relate to, but when you watch and begin to understand that this was not just about Jackie Robinsons baseball career; it was about the racial barrier within the united States itself, that when your drawn in to the absolutely fantastic story line. Everyone enjoys a great sports movie whether it is fictional or a true story. For many people the movies they prefer to watch are about the underdog succeeding, and unsurprisingly it is the same for this movie. We like when the person with the most adversities rises to the top, and many true sports stories have just that in the story line. We do not love the movie Remember the Titans just because of the wins and losses or because of the cute little girl that marches around on the sidelines. We like that the coach and the players rise up out of what seemed like an unbearable situation and come together to fight not for the name on the back of their shirt or the color of their skin, but the name on the front of their shirt, for their team. Hellmann does exactly this, he finds the hero in the horror.In 42 we watch as Jackie rises up to overcome the racial obstacles placed before him. This is the same for the lassie and award winning movie Remember the Titans. The boys work together to overcome everything that stands in their way including racial differences. We look for the heroic characters that rise above and beyond to achieve their dreams while opening pathways for others, just as Jackie did. He opened the pathway for not only African American baseball players, but for the other forty percent of baseball today. Some people may think that the movie 42 is a hard movie to relate to if you not a sports addict.If you look into the movie farther than just the baseball storyline you will notice that this vie is not really about the wins and losses of Jackie Robinson, but it is about his strong will to withstand the horrible racial slurs and the horrible lifestyle. What sends this movie above and beyond your average sports movie is the idea that it is a true story. In sports movies we are looking for that main character that in someway gives us a glimpse of hope, the hero, and the game changer. Jackie changes not only game records, but also the idea of racial injustice throughout the entire game of baseball. This movie has everything o need to have an outstanding film production: an outstanding cast, an exceptional story line, and an above average acting. All you have to do now is sit down and really look into what the producer, Hellmann, was really trying to portray. For the people that do not look any deeper than the picture on the screen it might seem as though this is just an average movie portraying a famous athlete, but for those who really look into the script and try to find the truth in the movie. The story that no other movie could tell you, that is when you have understood exactly what the movie was about.

Human Resource Management Theory and Practice Business Intelligence S

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Theory and Practice Business Intelligence System. Answer: Paper usage vs allocation Paper usage = 25*150*4 = 15000 pages of paper for the month of April Allocation of the paper for the month of April = 5000 pages * 10 boxes = 50,000 pages It can be concluded that there is a gap of 35,000 pages between the paper usage and the paper allocation. Procedures and guidelines of allocating, purchasing and recording The guidelines and procedures play an important role in the overall management of the inventories. Economic order quantity is an important part of this overall process. Moreover, the budgeting and strategic planning is an important part of the overall process (Bowie et al 2014). Planning is to be made in advance, so that there is an optimum order available for the production departments and there is no wastage of materials. The sustainable practice involves less of the usage of the papers and a new strategy needs to be developed for the recycling of the papers. This company can develop and use a particular chemical that will help in the recycling of the papers and it will be done in house. The company develops that solution or purchase that from outside market and recycling the papers will save this company a lot of fortune. Quotation of papers Future enterprises Number of weeks Weekly payments Total 5 450 2250 10 400 4000 John Smith Enterprises Number of weeks Weekly payments Total 3 325 975 5 320 1600 Table showing the quotation of prices by two companies (Source: Created by Author) In the case of the first supplier, the delivery is made at a wider margin and at the same time, the quality of the paper is good. On the other hand, the second supplier has a small interval of delivering the products and they provide the papers at a low rate. It will be recommended to get the second supplier, as it will help to reduce the expenses and increase the rolling of the papers. The potential shortages can be identified by the calculation of EOQ (Economic order quantity). The company can calculate this and accordingly place the order. Shortages of stock will have an negative implications on the production as well as the image of the company (Ge et al 2015). In case of the shortages of stocks the company will not be able to meet the requirements of the clients, thus having a bad image of the company. There is an advanced inventory and assets tracking mechanism, which can be effectively used by the company. If this is properly implemented then the wastage and misuse of the resources will be lessened and optimum utilization of the resources will increase the productivity of the concern. There must be a committee in the company to look over exclusively on the affairs regarding the purchase, identification and the allocation of the resources and there must be an existing, which will track the movements of the assets. The communication as well as the decision-making system will be done in that committee and it will ensure a smooth functioning of the organizations. Anti-discrimination policy ensures an equal opportunity for all and the work environment will become better with the implementation of such policy (Luftman et al 2015). The codes of practice will help the employees to limit their operations within a boundary and instill a sense of discipline in the operations of the company. Privacy laws help the company to have dominance on their work and the privacy laws help the company to have a copyright on the work and make the work more secured. The box must have a certification, which is internationally recognized and that will be checked at the time of taking delivery of the goods. Five resource requirements for the opening of a restaurant are: Man power, capital, real estate, cooking materials and cold storage facilities. All the resources have their significance. Capital is the backbone of the restaurant business and work force is the basis of any business. Without proper manpower no businesses can survive and ultimately it is the labor force which implements all the policies of the management (Forsgren and Sabherwal 2015). Location is an important consideration of the restaurant business and cooking, cold storage facilities are essential features of the restaurant business, and no business can ignore them. The labor will be measured by the labor hours worked, capital by the return generated by the capital on the investment, real estate by the return per square foot of area and the cooking arrangements by the number of plates served. Strong internal control system will help the company will help the company in tracking the resources and thus ensure that no resources are wasted (Ge et al 2015). Individuals who are already involved in the business of running the restaurant will be ideal to give consultation to the business. Cold storage if broken-down then it will be a disaster for the company. There must be an alternative facility to store the goods otherwise it will be a huge loss for the company. Reference Bowie, D., Paraskevas, A. and Mariussen, A., 2014. Technology-Driven Online Marketing Performance Measurement: Lessons from Affiliate Marketing.International Journal of Online Marketing (IJOM),4(4), pp.1-16 Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Forsgren, N. and Sabherwal, R., 2015. Business Intelligence System Use as Levers of Control and Organizational Capabilities: Effects on Internal and Competitive Benefits.Available at SSRN 2687710 Ge, W., Li, Z., Liu, Q. and McVay, S.E., 2015. Does Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Curb Corporate Corruption? Evidence from China.Evidence from China (December 16, 2015). Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Luftman, J., Lyytinen, K. and ben Zvi, T., 2015. Enhancing the measurement of information technology (IT) business alignment and its influence on company performance.Journal of Information Technology,1, p.21.